Analyzing the effects of building density and placement on shading and solar energy reception in residential areas
This study models a medium-density residential block in Tehran consisting of 40 buildings across four rows to analyze overshadowing and solar energy reception. Using Rhino, Grasshopper, and the Ladybug plugin alongside manual sun chart calculations, the researchers evaluated solar radiation during seasonal solstices. They tested seven alternative design scenarios that alter building placement and density, finding that the optimal layout restricts winter solstice shadowing to only the ground floor without requiring a reduction in overall density.
Why it matters — It demonstrates that simple adjustments to building placement within a plot can resolve severe daylight obstruction on lower floors, offering urban planners a practical method to preserve solar rights without sacrificing urban density.
Caveat: The findings and proposed layout scenarios are based on the specific solar angles and conventional urban morphology of Tehran, which may not directly translate to cities at different latitudes or with different architectural typologies.
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