Left behind places and regional resilience to COVID-19 shock in Europe
The study analyzes the relationship between regional development and economic resilience across 897 European NUTS 3 regions during the COVID-19 pandemic. It constructs a multidimensional 'left behindness' index to move beyond traditional GDP metrics, finding that left-behind regions resisted the initial pandemic shock better, whereas more developed regions recovered more quickly.
Why it matters — It demonstrates that regional economic resilience is not a single attribute; instead, vulnerability and recovery capacity are decoupled, meaning less-developed regions possess inherent resistance mechanisms while developed regions possess superior recovery dynamics.