Beyond exposure: Multifaceted pathways linking urban green space patterns to health in a hyper-dense urban core
Using a structural path analysis based on the Exposure-Perception-Behavior framework, this study evaluated how neighborhood committee-scale green space quantity, location, morphology, and distribution relate to self-rated physical and mental health in Shanghai's Inner Ring. Green space quantity and distribution exhibited positive indirect associations with both health outcomes, whereas park proximity was directly associated with improved mental health and morphology showed no total indirect association. Restoration processes were linked to both health domains, while physical activity primarily aligned with physical health and social contact with mental health.
Why it matters — This research demonstrates that green space evaluations in hyper-dense urban settings must move beyond mere proximity and acreage to account for how specific spatial arrangements influence human contact, perception, and behavior.
Caveat: The cross-sectional design restricts the ability to establish causal direction between green space configurations, behavioral pathways, and health outcomes.